Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke isingene emqhudelwaneni phakathi kweShayina ne-United States, le mibuso emibili yomhlaba ivaleleke emzabalazweni wokubusa kwezobuchwepheshe.Ngokuya ngokwandayo, amanye amazwe afuna ukubamba iqhaza elikhulu embonini - kuhlanganisa neJapan, enomlando omude wokuqamba izinto ezintsha kulo mkhakha.
Imboni ye-semiconductor yase-Japan ihlehlela emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1960, lapho izinkampani ezifana ne-Toshiba ne-Hitachi ziqala ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokukhiqiza ama-chip.Lezi zinkampani zazihamba phambili ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha ngeminyaka yawo-1980 nawo-1990, zisiza ukusungula iJapan njengomholi womhlaba wonke ekukhiqizeni ama-semiconductor.
Namuhla, iJapan isalokhu ibambe iqhaza elikhulu embonini, inabakhi bamashipa abaningi abakhulu abazinze ezweni.Isibonelo, i-Renesas Electronics, i-Rohm, ne-Mitsubishi Electric zonke zinemisebenzi ebalulekile e-Japan.Lezi zinkampani zinesibopho sokuthuthukisa nokukhiqizwa kohlu olubanzi lwama-semiconductors, okuhlanganisa ama-microcontroller, ama-memory chips, namadivayisi kagesi.
Njengoba i-China ne-United States zilwela ukubusa embonini, iJapan ifuna ukutshala imali eningi emkhakheni wayo we-semiconductor ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zayo zihlala zincintisana emhlabeni jikelele.Kuze kube manje, uhulumeni wase-Japan usesungule isikhungo esisha sokusungula izinto esigxile ekuqhubekiseni phambili impumelelo yezobuchwepheshe embonini.Lesi sikhungo sibheke ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obungathuthukisa ukusebenza, ikhwalithi, nokuthembeka kwama-semiconductors, ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zaseJapane zihlala zihamba phambili embonini.
Ngale kwalokhu, iJapan nayo isebenzela ukuqinisa uchungechunge lwayo lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yasekhaya.Lokhu kwenziwa ngokwengxenye ngemizamo yokwandisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezimboni nezifundiswa.Isibonelo, uhulumeni usungule uhlelo olusha oluhlinzeka ngezimali zocwaningo lwezemfundo kubuchwepheshe obuhlobene ne-semiconductor.Ngokunikeza izikhuthazo zokubambisana phakathi kwemboni nabacwaningi bezemfundo, i-Japan inethemba lokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi ithuthukise isikhundla sayo sokuncintisana embonini.
Sekukonke, akungabazeki ukuthi umncintiswano phakathi kweChina ne-United States ubeke ingcindezi embonini ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke.Emazweni afana ne-Japan, lokhu kudale kokubili izinselelo namathuba.Ngokutshala imali ekusungulweni nasekuhlanganyeleni, nokho, i-Japan izibeka esimweni sokudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngama-chip omhlaba.
I-Japan futhi itshala imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni kwama-semiconductors esizukulwane esilandelayo, okuhlanganisa lawo asekelwe ezintweni ezintsha ezifana ne-silicon carbide ne-gallium nitride.Lezi zinto zinamandla okuguqula izimboni ngokunikela ngesivinini esisheshayo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.Ngokutshala imali kulobu buchwepheshe, iJapan ikulungele ukwenza imali ngesidingo esikhulayo sama-semiconductors asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iJapan ifuna nokwandisa amandla okukhiqiza ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke sama-semiconductors.Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani zaseJapan nezangaphandle kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezikhungweni ezintsha zokukhiqiza.Ngo-2020, isibonelo, uhulumeni waseJapan wamemezela ukutshalwa kwezimali kuka-$2 billion endaweni entsha yokukhiqiza ama-microchip ethuthukiswe ngokubambisana nenkampani yaseTaiwan.
Enye indawo lapho i-Japan yenze khona igxathu embonini ye-semiconductor ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufunda ngomshini (ML).Lobu buchwepheshe buya ngokuya buhlanganiswa kuma-semiconductors nezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, futhi i-Japan izibeka esimweni sokuba phambili kulo mkhuba.
Sekukonke, imboni ye-semiconductor yase-Japan isenamandla amakhulu ezimakethe zomhlaba, futhi izwe lithatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi lihlala likwazi ukuncintisana lapho libhekene nokuncintisana okwandayo okuvela e-China nase-United States.Ngokutshala imali emisha, ukubambisana kanye nokukhiqiza okuthuthukile, i-Japan izibeka esimweni sokuqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile embonini futhi isize ukuqhubekisela phambili ukusungulwa kwe-semiconductor.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-29-2023