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Izixazululo ze-chip zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezinsiza zedivayisi yezokwelapha Isithombe esifakiwe
  • Izixazululo ze-chip zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zedivayisi yezokwelapha

Izixazululo ze-chip zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zedivayisi yezokwelapha

Incazelo emfushane:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Artificial intelligence (AI) bube yimpumelelo ezibhedlela, kumadivayisi agqokekayo, kanye nokuvakasha kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile.Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangasebenzisa amadivayisi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AI ne-VR ukwenza umsebenzi wokuxilonga, ukusekela ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi, ukuqeqesha odokotela abahlinzayo, ngisho nokwelapha ukudangala.Imakethe yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ye-AI yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$ 120 billion ngo-2028. Imishini yezokwelapha manje isikwazi ukuba yincane ngosayizi futhi isekele imisebenzi emisha ehlukahlukene, futhi lezi zindlela ezintsha zenziwa nokwenzeka ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor.


Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Omaka bomkhiqizo

Ukuhlela

Ukuhlela okudingekayo ukuze udizayine ama-chips okusebenza kwezokwelapha kuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, futhi kuhluke kakhulu ezimakethe ezibaluleke kakhulu njengezimoto ezizishayelayo.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwedivayisi yezokwelapha, noma kunjalo, umklamo we-chip wezokwelapha uzobhekana nezinselele ezintathu ezinkulu: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuphepha nokuthembeka.

Idizayini yamandla aphansi

Ekuthuthukisweni kwama-semiconductors asetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, abathuthukisi kumele baqale baqinisekise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kwemishini yezokwelapha, amadivaysi afakelwayo ayizidingo eziqinile zalokhu, ngoba lawo madivayisi adinga ukuhlinzwa abekwe emzimbeni futhi asuswe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufanele kube ngaphansi. , ngokuvamile, odokotela neziguli bafuna imishini yezokwelapha efakelwayo ingahlala iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengu-20, kunokuba njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ithathe indawo yebhethri.

Imishini yezokwelapha eminingi engatshaliwe nayo idinga amadizayini anamandla aphansi kakhulu, ngoba lawo madivayisi asebenza ngamandla ebhethri (njengama-trackers okufaneleka esihlakaleni).Onjiniyela badinga ukucabangela ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinqubo zokuvuza okuphansi, izizinda zikagesi nezizinda zamandla ashintshwayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenzayo nokubekwe eceleni.

Umklamo onokwethenjelwa

Ukwethembeka amathuba okuthi i-chip izokwenza kahle umsebenzi odingekayo endaweni enikeziwe (ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu, esihlakaleni, njll.) isikhathi esithile esicacisiwe, esizohluka ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwensiza yezokwelapha.Ukwehluleka okuningi kwenzeka esigabeni sokukhiqiza noma ngasekupheleni kwempilo, futhi imbangela eqondile izohluka ngokuya ngemininingwane yomkhiqizo.Isibonelo, ubude bempilo yekhompuyutha ephathekayo noma idivayisi yeselula cishe iminyaka emi-3.

Ukwehluleka kokuphela kwempilo ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukuguga kwe-transistor kanye ne-electromigration.Ukuguga kubhekisela ekuwohlokeni kancane kancane kokusebenza kwe-transistor ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekugcineni okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwalo lonke idivayisi.I-Electromigration, noma ukunyakaza okungafuneki kwama-athomu ngenxa yokuminyana kwamanje, kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokwehluleka kokuxhumana phakathi kwama-transistors.Uma kuphezulu ukuminyana kwamanje ngomugqa, makhulu amathuba okuhluleka esikhathini esifushane.

Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yezokwelapha kubalulekile, ngakho ukwethembeka kudinga ukuqinisekiswa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuklama nakuyo yonke inqubo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunciphisa ukuhlukahluka esigabeni sokukhiqiza nakho kubalulekile.I-Synopsys inikeza isisombululo esiphelele sokuhlaziya ukuthembeka, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-PrimeSim Reliability Analysis, ehlanganisa ukuhlola imithetho kagesi, ukulingisa iphutha, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlukahluka, ukuhlaziywa kwe-electromigration, nokuhlaziywa kokuguga kwe-transistor.

Idizayini Evikelekile

Idatha eyimfihlo yezokwelapha eqoqwe amathuluzi ezokwelapha idinga ukuvikelwa ukuze izisebenzi ezingagunyaziwe zingakwazi ukufinyelela ulwazi lwezokwelapha oluyimfihlo.Onjiniyela badinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zezokwelapha azithinteki kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka, njengokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abangenanembeza bagebenge umshini wokushaya inhliziyo ukuze balimaze isiguli.Ngenxa yobhadane olusha lwenyumoniya, inkundla yezokwelapha iya ngokuya isebenzisa amadivaysi axhunyiwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuxhumana neziguli kanye nokwenza lula.Lapho kumiswa ukuxhumana okukude kakhulu, makhulu amathuba okuphulwa kwedatha nokunye ukuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi.

Ngokombono wamathuluzi okuklama ama-chip, abathuthukisi be-chip yedivayisi yezokwelapha abasebenzisi amathuluzi ahlukile kulawo asetshenziswa kwezinye izimo zohlelo lokusebenza;I-EDA, ama-IP cores, namathuluzi okuhlaziya ukwethembeka konke kubalulekile.Lawa mathuluzi azosiza onjiniyela bahlele ngokuphumelelayo ukuze bathole imiklamo ye-chip yamandla aphansi kakhulu ngokuthembeka okwengeziwe, kuyilapho kucatshangelwa izingqinamba zesikhala nezici zokuphepha, ezibalulekile empilweni yesiguli, ukuphepha kolwazi nokuphepha kwempilo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukugqashuka komqhele omusha kwenze abantu abaningi babona ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zezokwelapha kanye nemishini yezokwelapha.Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, ama-ventilators asetshenziswa ukusiza iziguli ezinokulimala kanzima kwamaphaphu ngokusizwa ukuphefumula.Amasistimu we-Ventilator asebenzisa izinzwa ze-semiconductor nama-processor ukuze aqaphe amasignali abalulekile.Izinzwa zisetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga lesiguli, umthamo kanye nenani lomoya-mpilo ngokuphefumula ngakunye kanye nokulungisa izinga le-oxygen ngokunembile nezidingo zesiguli.Iphrosesa ilawula isivinini semoto ukusiza isiguli ekuphefumuleni.

Futhi umshini ophathwayo we-ultrasound ungathola izimpawu zegciwane ezifana nezilonda zamaphaphu ezigulini futhi usheshe ukhombe izici zenyumoniya eyingozi ehambisana ne-coronavirus entsha ngaphandle kokulinda ukuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid.Imishini enjalo ngaphambilini ibisebenzisa amakristalu e-piezoelectric njengama-ultrasound probes, ngokuvamile abiza ngaphezu kuka-$100,000.Ngokufaka i-semiconductor chip esikhundleni sekristalu ye-piezoelectric, idivayisi ibiza kuphela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamadola futhi ivumela ukutholakala kalula nokuhlolwa komzimba wangaphakathi wesiguli.

I-coronavirus entsha iyanda futhi ayikapheli ngokuphelele.Kubalulekile ukuthi izindawo zomphakathi zihlole izinga lokushisa lenani elikhulu labantu.Amakhamera wamanje wokuthwebula izithombe ezishisayo noma amathemometha e-infrared angathintani wasesiphongweni ayizindlela ezimbili ezivamile zokwenza lokhu, futhi la madivayisi athembele kuma-semiconductors njengezinzwa nama-analog chips ukuze aguqule idatha efana nezinga lokushisa ibe ukufundwa kwedijithali.

Imboni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo idinga amathuluzi e-EDA athuthukile ukuze ihlangabezane nezinselele zanamuhla ezihlala zishintsha.Amathuluzi e-EDA athuthukile anganikeza izixazululo ezihlukahlukene, njengokusebenzisa amakhono okucubungula idatha ngesikhathi sangempela ku-hardware ne-software amazinga, ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu (ukuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yesikhulumi se-single-chip), kanye nokuhlola umthelela we-low-chip. imiklamo yamandla ekulahlekeni kokushisa nempilo yebhethri.Ama-semiconductors ayingxenye ebalulekile yemishini eminingi yezokwelapha yamanje, ehlinzeka ngemisebenzi efana nokulawula ukusebenza, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha nokugcinwa, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, nokuphathwa kwamandla.Imishini yezokwelapha yendabuko ayincikile kangako kuma-semiconductors, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha esebenzisa ama-semiconductors ayenzi nje kuphela imisebenzi yemishini yezokwelapha yendabuko, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini yezokwelapha futhi yehlise izindleko.

Imboni yemishini yezokwelapha ithuthuka ngesivinini esisheshayo, futhi abathuthukisi bama-chip bayaklama futhi bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuqamba okusha esizukulwaneni esilandelayo semishini efakelwayo, imishini yezokwelapha yasesibhedlela nezinto ezigqokwayo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.

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